Gaia Mission
-
About: The Gaia Mission is a space observatory launched by the European Space Agency (ESA) to create a precise 3D map of the Milky Way.
-
Objectives:
-
Measure positions, distances, and motions of stars with unprecedented accuracy.
-
Study the structure and evolution of the galaxy.
-
Detect exoplanets, asteroids, and other celestial objects.
-
-
Significance: Gaia’s data helps in understanding stellar evolution, dark matter distribution, and the history of the Milky Way.
Deep Ocean Exploration
-
About: Deep ocean exploration involves the study of marine ecosystems, underwater geology, and biodiversity at extreme depths.
-
Key Initiatives:
-
India’s Deep Ocean Mission: Focuses on deep-sea mining, biodiversity, and climate change impact studies.
-
International Efforts: Projects like the Challenger Deep and Alvin submersible missions contribute to oceanographic research.
-
-
Importance:
-
Enhances knowledge of marine biodiversity.
-
Aids in discovering new resources like rare earth metals.
-
Supports climate change studies by analyzing ocean currents and ecosystems.
-
Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA)
-
About: The JCPOA, commonly known as the Iran Nuclear Deal, was signed in 2015 between Iran and P5+1 (China, France, Russia, the UK, the US, and Germany).
-
Key Provisions:
-
Iran agreed to limit its nuclear program in exchange for sanction relief.
-
Regular inspections by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).
-
-
Current Status:
-
The US withdrew from the deal in 2018 under President Trump, reinstating sanctions on Iran.
-
Efforts have been made to revive the deal, but negotiations remain complex.
-
-
Significance:
-
Prevents nuclear proliferation in the Middle East.
-
Affects global oil markets and geopolitical stability.
-
Why Important for UPSC?
-
Gaia Mission: Related to space technology, astronomy, and scientific advancements.
-
Deep Ocean Exploration: Crucial for environmental science, sustainable development, and India’s Blue Economy.
-
JCPOA: Important for international relations, geopolitics, and global security.
