Muthulakshmi Reddy (1886–1968) was a pioneering Indian physician, social reformer, and legislator who achieved several historic milestones, including becoming British India’s first woman legislator and the Madras Presidency’s first woman doctor.
Early Life and Education
Born in 1886 in the princely state of Pudukkottai, Tamil Nadu, Muthulakshmi was the daughter of a college professor and a mother from a lineage of devadasi musician-dancers. Despite societal constraints, she excelled academically and became the first female student admitted to a men’s college in the region. In 1907, she enrolled in Madras Medical College, graduating in 1912 with distinction. She then became the first woman House Surgeon at the Government Maternity and Ophthalmic Hospital in Madras.
Trailblazing Medical Career
Muthulakshmi’s entry into the medical field was groundbreaking, as she navigated a male-dominated profession to provide essential healthcare services to women. Her dedication to medicine and women’s health set a precedent for future generations of female medical practitioners in India.
Political Milestones
In 1926, Muthulakshmi was appointed to the Madras Legislative Council, making her the first woman legislator in British India. Her tenure was marked by relentless advocacy for women’s rights and social reforms. She played a pivotal role in the abolition of the devadasi system and worked tirelessly to improve the conditions of women and children.
Legacy and Honors
Throughout her life, Muthulakshmi Reddy championed numerous social initiatives, including founding the Adyar Cancer Institute in 1954, which remains one of India’s leading oncology centers. In recognition of her invaluable contributions, she was awarded the Padma Bhushan in 1956.
Muthulakshmi Reddy’s life and work continue to inspire, reflecting her unwavering commitment to breaking societal barriers and advocating for equality and healthcare advancements.
